Kapha is the heaviest of the three doshas. It is derived from the Sanskrit word “shlish” meaning that holds things together. It is responsible for growth, adding structure and also offers protection. Cerebral spinal fluid that protects the brain and spinal column is a type of kapha found in the body. Example of the kapha dosha protecting the tissues is the mucous lining of the stomach. Kapha dosha is responsible for maintaining the function of creation. It provides the structure and the lubrication needed by the body. It works as glue that holds the body cells together. It supplies the water to all bodily parts and systems. It lubricates joints, moisturizes the skin and maintains immunity. The various functions provided by kapha are:

The effects produced by balanced kapha are:

Imbalanced kapha results in poor nutritional status, decreases mucous, loose joints, weakened physique, slow digestion and lack of appetite.

The various properties of kapha are oily, cold, heavy, slow acting, slimy, soft and stable. The major site of kapha is chest and the other sites are throat, head, trachea, joints, stomach, lymph, fat tissue, nose and tongue.

The main quality of kapha is heavy. Kapha people are blessed with strength and stamina. The skin tends to be oily and smooth. The people predominant to kapha tend to gain weight and have a slow metabolism. Kapha types are calm, tolerant and forgiving. They may become lethargic with the time but their long-term memory is very sharp. Kapha type people tend to have diseases like sinus congestion, flu, diseases involving mucous, diabetes, water retention and headaches.

In order to balance the kapha one should avoid heavy foods, dairy products, fatty oily foods, and cold drinks. Light and dry food should be consumed.

The various sub-types of kapha are:

The main site of kledaka is the stomach; it protects the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract from the hot irritating fluids of pitta secretions. Avalambaka is present in the heart, lung apparatus and vertebral column; these organs are protected from wear and tear by avalambaka. Bodhaka is present in the mouth and protects the mucous membrane and tongue. Tarpaka is in the spinal cord and it protects the spinal cord from injuries. It also provides mental peace. Shleshaka is present in the joints and it prevents wear and tear of the joints during the movements.

When the three doshas are in a state of equilibrium, one remains healthy. The three doshas maintains the integrity of the living organism. The three doshas constantly change themselves due to the doshic qualities of specific lifestyle, time and season.