Causes and Treatment of Cerebral Hypoxia
What is cerebral hypoxia?
Cerebral hypoxia refers to the deprivation of oxygen supplies to the cerebral hemisphere, or the outer portion of the brain. However, it is believed that brain tissue receives less oxygen.
What are the causes, incidence and risk factors associated with cerebral hypoxia?
Cerebral hypoxia is most often caused by sudden changes in oxygen levels to the brain. Brain cells are very sensitive to oxygen deficiency. In fact, they start failing in less than 5 minutes after a cut in the oxygen supply. This means that cerebral hypoxia can result in the death of a patient or lead to severe brain damage.
Some of the causes of cerebral hypoxia are:
• Severe asthma
• Drug overdoses
• Autoerotic asphyxiation
• Extremely low blood pressure
• Smoke inhalation
• Birth injuries
• Strangulation
• Cardiac arrest
• Poisoning due to the inhalation of carbon monoxide
• High altitudes
• Choking
• A crushed trachea
• Anemia
• Status asthmaticus
What are the common symptoms of cerebral hypoxia?
Mild or moderate cerebral hypoxia can lead to inattention, lack of judgment, and uncoordinated body movements. Severe hypoxia can lead to a coma, where individuals become completely unaware and unresponsive, and common brain stem reflexes, such as responses to light and the breathing reflex, generally end. Only blood pressure and heart function are maintained. If this condition were to continue, it could result in brain death.
What are the common tests for cerebral hypoxia?
Cerebral hypoxia can be diagnosed by certain clinical examinations. Some of these tests include:
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – this examination provides high-quality images of the brain cells
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) – this examination determines the electrical activity of the heart
• Echocardiogram – this examination provides pictures of the heart while working
• Blood tests, such as arterial blood gases and blood sugar levels
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) – an examination of brain waves; the test is required when seizures may have occurred
• Evoked potentials – an examination to ascertain whether certain visual responses and touch sensations are reaching the brain or not
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