Causes and Types of Cardiomyopathy
- Tuesday, June 30, 2009, 4:49
- Health Care, Heart Support
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What is Cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomyopathy occurs due to weakening of the heart muscle or altering in heart muscle structure. The disease primarily occurs due to either insufficient pumping of heart or other abnormalities in heart functioning.
What causes Cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomyopathy primarily occurs due to viral infections, heart attacks, alcoholism, chronic high blood pressure, nutritional deficiencies (especially selenium, thiamine, and L-carnitine deficiency), systemic lupus erythematosus, celiac disease, and last phase kidney disease.
Classification of Cardiomyopathy types
Dilated Cardiomyopathy: This idiopathic myocardial malfunctioning mainly occurs in young individuals worldwide. The disease is distinguished by a noticeable increase in size and inadequate functioning of the left ventricle.
Following are the various conditions of Dilated Cardiomyopathy:
• Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: This happens mainly due to heart attacks, resulting in scars (myocardium) in the heart muscle.
• Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs due to unidentified causes, which is evident by the term ‘idiopathic’.
• Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs in individuals having chronic high blood pressure, mainly unattended for years.
• Infectious Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs due to HIV, Lyme disease, Chagas disease and viral myocarditis infections.
• Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs in individuals prone to constant heavy alcohol consumption for a period of around ten years. The disease results into heart failure, arterial fibrillation and other heart rhythmic disorders.
• Toxic Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs due to consumption of cocaine and other chemotherapy drugs in addition to alcohol.
• Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs specially in women during the last trimester of pregnancy or following childbirth.
• Tachycardia mediated Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs in individuals having abnormal and rapid heart rates.
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: This dilated Cardiomyopathy occurs due to uneven growth of left and right heart muscles. Approximately 70 percent cases have family history for this type of disease.
• Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: This disorder impacts the ability of the heart muscle to relax adequately between contractions. This condition is termed as systole, which limits heart’s ability to pump sufficient blood.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy results in more than 10,000 deaths and hospitalization of approximately 50,000 people annually. The disease may go unnoticed due to absence of symptoms in some individuals. The disease may result in severe heart failure condition requiring heart transplantation.
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