The Aids Epidemic And You
AIDS is also known as Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome and is perhaps the deadliest disease in the world. AIDS is incurable and is also the leading cause of death among men falling in the age group of 25-44 years in the United States alone.
Global statistics reveal that individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 are at the highest risk of acquiring HIV. Over 30 million individuals all across the world are infected by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
HIV and AIDS:
HIV is a chronic disease that is known to attack and damage the body’s Immune System. It destroys the CD4 and T cells, monocytes and macrophages that actively safeguard the body against diseases and infections.
When HIV invades a human cell, it transforms its own RNA to DNA and inserts it into the chromosomes of the host cell. Once an individual is infected by HIV, billions of infectious particles begin to be produced in his/her body on a daily basis and the Immune System eventually succumbs to the disease.
As the number of CD4 T cells declines the infected person begins to develop certain symptoms varying from mild to moderate intensity. When the number of CD4 cells in the body drops below 200/ul an individual is diagnosed with AIDS.
Asymptomatic period of AIDS:
HIV does not have any symptoms. The period between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms may range between 2-20 years with an average of 11 years in most adults. Almost 50% of individuals exhibit flu-like symptoms shortly after they are infected with the virus but most of them proceed to live healthy lives.
How is HIV transmitted?
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus lives within body fluids and cells. It is incapable of surviving outside the body such as on utensils, toilet seats or telephones. The virus is usually transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person, direct exposure to infected blood and from an HIV positive woman to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
Diagnosis of AIDS and treatment:
AIDS is the most severe form of HIV infection. At this stage the infected person’s Immune System is extremely damaged. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for HIV/AIDS till date but recently developed drugs can delay the progress of the disease and increase the life span of the infected individual.
The two main types of medications used to battle HIV are nucleoside analogs which widely include the drug AZT (zidovidine) and protease inhibitors.
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